Introduction to Selenium

WebDriver

This is an interface in Java having various methods. In order to see all the methods we use the shortcut key “Ctrl + O” or else in Menu Bar go to Window > Show View > outline as shown below:

• Now select any method in “Outline” and start reading and remember what is the use of every method.

WebDriver Interface

• get()

• getTitle()

• getPageSource()

• getWindowHandles()

• getWindowHandle()

• getCurrentUrl()

• findElement(By arg0)

• findElements(By arg0)

• manage()

• navigate()

• close()

• quit()

WebElement Interface

• clear() // If the element is a text entry, this will clear the value.

• click() // “Click” this element.

• FindElement(By by) // Finds the first WebElement using the given method.

• findElements(By by) // Finds all elements within the current context using the given mechanism.

• getAttribute(String name) // Gets the value of the given attribute of the element.

• getCssValue(String propertyName) // Gets the value of a given CSS property.

• getLocation() // Gets the location of the rendered element.

• getSize() // Gets the width and height of the rendered element

• getTagName() // Gets the tag name of the element.

• getText() // Gets the visible text

• isDisplayed() // show whether is the element displayed or not

• isEnabled() // shows whether is the element currently enabled or not

• isSelected() // Determines whether or not the element is selected or not.

• sendKeys(String keysToSend) // This method is used to simulate typing into an element which may set its value.

• submit() // If the current element is a form or an element within a form, then this will be used to submit it to the remote server.

Environment Setup For Selenium

As we have discussed about adding the selenium standalone jar in the project, is enough for automating any website.
Some points to be noted before going ahead.

1. Selenium jar and Firefox version should be compatible.
   Here we have used selenium-standalone version 52 and Firefox version 42.0

2. Make sure your Firefox is installed in the program files.

3. Keep the Firefox updates off by going to Options >> advanced >> update >> never update option.

4. Add Firebug add-on to Firefox.

5. Add Firepath add-on to Firefox.

6. Also add the WebDriver Element Locator add-on to Firefox.

7. Refer the below given image for all add-ons in the firefox.

Basic Selenium Example

For the above example, write the below given code inside main method.

// opens a firefox browser
WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();
// opening of url driver.get("www.gmail.com");
// maximize window driver.manage().window().maximize();

Here findElement is a very important method which returns the “WebElement”. After this we need to call methods of WebElement as shown above from API.

We will now try to locate the username text box in our website, so that the text can be simulated into the text box. See the below given screen:

Observe tag marked with number (4) in the above screen where we will observe that id has a unique identifier for this textbox. This textbox is unique by this id.

Here the id is called as locator type. There are many types of locators like id, xpath, name etc. Here email is locator value which will be different for different textbox/input controls of html.

Now as we see our program performs the following tasks as mentioned below based on the code given below the tasks:

• Opening of browser

• Entering login details

• Click login button

• Click logout

• Close browser

package com.javabykiran.api; 
import org.openqa.selenium.By; 
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver; 
import org.openqa.seleni- um.WebElement;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;

public class FirstExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
   // opens a Firefox browser
   WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

   // opening of url driver.get(“http://www.javabykiran.com/selenium/demo/”);

   //Maximize window driver.manage().window().maximize();

   //locate email element
   WebElement userEle = driver.findElement(By.id(“email”));
   //enter uname into text box userEle.sendKeys(“[email protected]”);

   //locate password element
   WebElement passwordEle = driver.findElement(By.id(“password”));
   //enter password into text box passwordEle.sendKeys(“123456”);
   
   //locate signin button
   WebElement signInbuttonEle = driver.findElement(By.xpath(“.//*[@ id=’form’]/div[3]/div/button”));
   //click signin button signInbuttonEle.click();
   
   //locate logout button
   WebElement logoutButtonEle = driver.findElement(By.xpath(“ht- ml/ body/div/header/nav/div/ul/li/a”));
   //click logout button logoutButtonEle.click();
  }
}

Automation

Full-fledged automation for offline website. Try the below given points while doing automation,

1. Remove redundancy

   1. This is very important aspect while designing framework.

   2. As a beginner we may write any kind of raw code but later we will discover that all things are redundant.

   3. In order to avoid this just create some methods which will replace the redundant code and this methods can be called as and when and wherever we need it.

2. Create utility classes.

   1. Zip file creation

   2. Excel read

   3. Screenshot

3. Folder Structure

   1. automation

   2. utility

   3. common functionality

   4. test cases

   5. configure

   6. data